Ancilostomídeos do trato gastrointestinal de cães: ocorrência, fatores de risco e multirresistência aos antiparasitários

Abstract

Dogs are commonly infected with gastrointestinal parasites, but do not always show clinical signs. These animals are definitive hosts of numerous parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and provide the maintenance of the biological cycle, since they excrete helminth eggs and protozoan cysts or oocysts in the feces, thus favoring the contamination of the environment and the propagation of parasites to other organisms. other animals. In addition, the closer relationship between companion animals and humans intensifies human exposure to parasites with zoonotic potential. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in 38 naturally infected dogs, the anthelmintic efficacy of Canex Composto® (pyrantel pamoate + praziquantel), Fenzol Pet® (phenbendazole) and Milbemax C® (milbemycin oxime + praziquantel), through qualitative (Willis and Simple Sedimentation) and quantitative (McMaster) coproparasitological techniques. In addition, the risk factors associated with the infection of these helminths from a questionnaire applied through Google Forms. This questionnaire sought, through 17 questions, to evaluate the number of treatments for endoparasites and ectoparasites per year, access to the street, predominance of environment, race, use of antiparasitic collars, frequency of veterinary consultations, presence of other animals in the same environment, profile food for dogs, family income and tutors' level of education. Of the animals evaluated, 22/38 (57.89%) were negative and 16/38 (42.71%) were positive for Ancylostoma caninum. To assess the effectiveness of antiparasitics, 12/16 (75%) were susceptible to pyrantel pamoate with praziquantel, 3/4 (75%) to phenbendazole and 1/1 (100%) to milbemycin oxime with praziquantel. Furthermore, it was found that the chances of infection in dogs inhabiting an environment containing soil or grass are 6.67 times greater than in dogs inhabiting impermeable environments. Mixed-breed dogs (SRD) were 6.54 times more likely to be infected than mixed-breed dogs. Furthermore, A. caninum resistant to pyrantel pamoate with praziquantel (4/16, 25%) and fenbendazole (1/4–25%) were detected in the animals submitted to the treatments. Based on the study, therefore, the importance of coproparasitological monitoring by professionals before and after the treatment of endoparasites is highlighted, in order to assess the effectiveness of antiparasitic drugs and ensure animal health and welfare. Finally, the results obtained in this study suggest the importance of performing coproparasitological tests prior to prescribing anthelmintics, in addition to minimizing the exposure of animals to risk factors.