Democracia e eleições no Brasil: uma análise das eleições presidenciais de 1994 a 2006

Abstract

The Brazilian party system presents us with a history that draws attention to the changes it has undergone during its recent history, marked by crises, interruptions, discontinuity and a great difficulty of consolidation. The parties in turn suffered from these movements throughout history, the lack of a consolidated system and the lack of identification, whether ideological or not, led the parties to reinvent themselves in each crisis or interruption. With this article, we will arrive at the electoral processes after the military regime, which hung for more than twenty years with bipartisanship, for a multiparty system that again opened the doors for the emergence of new ARENA and MDB dissident parties. Even with the end of bipartisanship and the growth in the number of legends in Brazil, the emergence of two parties founded in the 1980s, PT and PSDB, hegemonized electoral disputes from 1994, after a troubled process of impeachment against the first president of the military regime, elected in 1989 by direct vote. The so-called polarization of the elections in Brazil was consolidated with the two parties that emerged from dissent from bipartisanship. This article presents a brief historical rescue of the Brazilian party system, to the motivations that led to the polarization and changes in the electorate, in the scenarios and electoral contexts of the main representatives of the parties that divided leagues in the ' , the objective of the paper is to demonstrate that the Brazilian party system after its reorganization after a bipartisan regime, consolidated in 1994 and with the theory of Neo-Institutionalism of rational choice, show that the parties are central in the decision-making arenas of the country and in addition, that coalition presidentialism reinforces the idea that the decision-making of party institutions is based on competition, interests, social interaction, games of power and persuasion.