O telejornalismo em midiatização: estratégias discursivas de legitimação de telejornais brasileiros no ecossistema midiático contemporâneo

Abstract

The present doctoral thesis addresses the television journalism in mediatization, recognizing the centrality that television still occupies, especially in the coverage of major events (BECKER, et al., 2018). Considering a scenario of constant proliferation of new media species (SCOLARI, 2013) and the simultaneous advance of a process of delegitimization of Journalism as an institution (CHRISTOFOLETTI, 2019), we assume that reconfigured traditional media seek constant legitimation within the media ecosystem, process that currently goes beyond recognition and also implies a relationship (BERGER; LUCKMANN, 2014; BARICHELLO, 2017). Three questions make up the research problem: How is television journalism characterized in the contemporary media ecosystem? What are the discursive strategies of legitimation used by television news and how are these strategies operationalized in front of the audience and their peers? How do the events reported by the newscasts affect the discursive strategies of legitimation triggered in the coverage? The general objective is to investigate the discursive strategies of legitimation of Brazilian television news in the current media ecosystem. As specific objectives we list: to characterize television journalism in the contemporary media ecosystem; to identify the main discursive strategies of legitimation used by Brazilian television news; to analyze the operationalization modes of the identified discursive strategies of legitimation; and understand aspects of the incidence of events reported by television news in relation to the discursive strategies of legitimation triggered in the coverage. The main justification lies in the proposal of a specific look (discursive strategies for legitimizing the newscasts) and, at the same time, systemic (mediatized environment). The work is structured in five chapters. After the introduction, chapter 2, “Television journalism in the mediatized ecosystem”, characterizes television journalism in the current media ecosystem. Chapter 3, “Journalistic events and discursive strategies” details the methodological course of the thesis that starts from the three places of discourse described by Charaudeau (2005, 2013, 2014, 2019): situational, discursive and semiolinguistic. It also presents three media events - which took place between 2019 and 2020 - selected because of the power of affectation (QUÉRÉ, 2005): Breakage of dams of the Vale company in Brumadinho; Increase in fires in the Amazon Rainforest and COVID-19 Pandemic. The empirical object is Jornal Nacional (Rede Globo), the TV news program with the largest audience in Brazil. The corpus is composed of 84 editions of the TV news covering the first month of coverage of each event. Chapter 4, “Legitimation Strategies for Brazilian Television Journalism”, discusses the four discursive strategies of legitimation identified: self-referentiality, appropriation of amateur content, didacticity and immediacy. Chapter 5, “Final Considerations” resumes the trajectory developed in the thesis, comparing the strategies and operationalization modes identified in each event.