Uso de motores elétricos em semeadoras como ferramenta para o aumento da produtividade em ambientes de agricultura de precisão

Abstract

Precision Agriculture is already a reality and the adoption of this practice in the agricultural environment becomes essential when it comes to sustainable management, considering the "right source", the "right dose", the "right place" and the " right moment” in the quest to increase productivity in the same unit of area, in addition to reducing production costs with the lowest possible environmental impact. In this context, the use of electric motors in seeders aims to increase the efficiency of the dosing mechanisms by eliminating the mechanical transmission, evaluating the interference of the transmission source in the productive potential of the crop. With the application of this technology, it is possible to add functions capable of determining the correct application, in quantities and location, of inputs in accordance with the precepts of Precision Agriculture. In ARTICLE I, it was evidenced that the use of electric motors provided a reduction in the Coefficient of Variation in the longitudinal distribution of seeds, failures, in addition to an increase in the number of acceptable plants for the analyzed variables, with an average increase in productivity of 335 kg ha-1. Furthermore, in the evaluation of the compensation function of the number of seeds in curves, this resource guaranteed the distribution of seeds in the same distance between the lines of the seeder, stabilizing the productivity in the same sowing pass. The survey showed a productivity increase of around 13.3% greater than not using the function (curve compensation). The results of the analyzes indicated, on average, an increase in productivity of 276.5 kg ha-1 for electric motors, converted into R$ 829.50 per hectare. ARTICLE II showed that seed application at a variable rate, in addition to putting into practice the precepts of Precision Agriculture, that is, localized intervention taking into account spatial and temporal variability, respects the limitations and potentialities present in the different points of the field, assuming that it is not homogeneous. The research was carried out with two soybean cultivars (TMG 7062 and BMX ZEUS) in two different plots in the 2020/2021 harvest. Five populations were varied using electric motors for each cultivar after defining two management environments called ZA (High Productive Potential) and ZB (Low Productive Potential), aiming to demonstrate productivity results for the different prescriptions and environments. The results showed productivity gains in both cultivars for the ZA environments in relation to the ZB environments. Within the environments themselves, there was a difference in productivity for the different prescribed rates, and in ZB productivity corresponded positively to rate increments, while in ZA the correlation was negative. It is concluded that the adoption of the variable seed rate is an excellent localized management tool to help in the search for high productivity rates, and, for the research conditions, the adequate population adjustment could bring an average financial return of R$ 349.00. In addition, the best population adjustment for ZA and ZB, according to the definition of each environment, proved to be an excellent practice in the search for the best productivity rates.