Escolhas alimentares de crianças e adolescentes: a construção de boas práticas no ambiente escolar a partir dos fatores que as influenciam

Abstract

Childhood and adolescence are characterized by constant biological, psychological and social changes, which permeate eating behavior and are of significant importance when we talk about maintaining health. In this context, the present research aimed to analyze factors that influence the eating behavior of students at a state school and build an educational product aimed at promoting healthy habits at school, seeking to identify a panorama of academic productions related to educational activities aimed at promoting of healthy eating, analyze students' eating behavior, as well as the factors that determine their choices, and develop an educational product that helps in the process of building knowledge. To this end, a quantitative approach was used, dividing the study into three stages: 1) scientometric analysis, investigating an overview of school-based academic productions, developed based on the theme of the present study; 2) use of questionnaires, these being the Food Consumption Markers form - SISVAN and influencing factors for food choices, through the Brazilian version of the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ); and 3) construction of an educational product, aimed at students in Elementary School, Final Years and High School, with suggested activities based on ABInv. The results found in the first stage demonstrate low academic production, on the part of professionals in the Teaching/Education area, in relation to the investigation of factors that influence the food choices of children and adolescents. Regarding the results of the questionnaires, there was a low consumption of healthy foods and frequent intake of processed foods, as well as the use of electronic devices linked to the eating routine; Regarding the influencing factors, it was observed that those most relevant to food choices are sensory appeal, price and familiarity. Based on these results, a booklet was developed, addressing aspects related to food and suggesting activities to be carried out with students in the school environment, with the aim of promoting the development of a contextualized and interdisciplinary educational practice, with research as a pedagogical principle. . Therefore, with the contents covered in this thesis, the importance of developing activities that are developed considering the context in which the student is inserted is defended, identifying problems within the community and encouraging students to reflect individually and collectively, as It is through knowledge that the possibility of change arises.