Constituintes químicos e propriedades bioativas de Lantana montevidensis (spreng.) briq. e Lantana camara L. (verbenaceae): evidências para o uso farmacológico

Abstract

Humans have been using medicinal plants for centuries as preventive or curative agents. In Brazil, the use of plants in the treatment of diseases is influenced by Indigenous, African and European cultures. Among these plants are Lantana camara and L. montevidensis commonly known as camará-de-cheiro and chumbinho , respectively. They are used in the North-eastern part of Brazil as tonic sudorific and febrifuge agent. They are also used against, coughs, bronchitis, rheumatism, asthma, ulcer and microbial infections. Considering that there is limited therapy against Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis, due to drugs resistance, the knowledge of the pharmacology of plants extracts can constitute a prerequisite for the development of alternative drugs against these parasitic diseases. In this context, the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation of L. camara leaf was tested against Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. Although both plants are used for the same purpose, there is limited information regarding the potential toxicity and antioxidant activity of L. montevidensis. Thus, we aimed to investigate the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of ethanolic (EtOH) and aqueous extracts from the leaves of L. montevidensis in human leukocytes, as well as its possible interaction with membranes from human erythrocytes in vitro. The antioxidant activity of both extracts was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the essential oil composition of L. camara analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed a large amount of (E)-caryophyllene (23.75%), biciclogermacrene (15.80%), sesquiterpene (11.73%), terpinolene (6.1%), and sabinene (5.92%). The essential oil of L. camara inhibited T. cruzi and L. braziliensis with IC50 of 201.94 μg/mL and 72.31 μg/mL, respectively. L. camara essential oil was toxic to NCTC929 fibroblasts at 500 μg/mL (IC50 = 301.42 μg/mL). These results corroborate each other and can be explained at least in part, by the presence of some chemical constituents in the oil. The results suggest that L. camara essential oil can be an important source of therapeutic agents for the development of alternative drugs against parasitic diseases. HPLC analysis of EtOH and aqueous extracts of L. montevidensis showed chlorogenic acid and quercetin as main components in EtOH extract, whereas, caffeic and chlorogenic acids were the major phenolic acids in the aqueous extract. It was observed that treatment of human leukocytes with EtOH and aqueous extracts of L. montevidensis (1-480 μg/mL) did not affect the osmotic fragility of human erythrocytes and DNA damage index, but, promoted cytotoxicity at higher concentrations (240-480 μg/mL). Regarding the antioxidant activity, the extracts scavenged DPPH radical and prevented Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain and liver homogenates, and this action was likely not attributed to iron (II) chelation. These results justify at least in part the use of this plant in folk medicine and suggests that caution should be made regarding its dosage or frequency use. All together, it is hoped that these results would contribute significantly to the knowledge about the phytoconstituents and biological activity of these species. This finding could be of immense importance for the region by obtaining new natural medicines from biodiversity and consequent improvement in quality of Brazilian life s.