Proteção contra perda de excitação em geradores síncronos: uma nova proposta utilizando o método do cálculo contínuo da impedância aparente

Abstract

This work presents a new Loss-of-Excitation in synchronous generators protection scheme based on the Continuous Apparent Impedance Calculation. This methodology aiming to improve security and dependability to the ANSI 40 function in order to distinguish cases of loss of excitation from other external disturbances such as stable power swings caused by the elimination of short circuits, for instance. Traditional loss of excitation protection methods may operate incorrectly in the occurrence of this kind of disturbance. Since the proposed methodology have settings related to the reactance parameters of the protected generator (Xd e X d), tests have been carried out considering two different machines with distinct parameters of the WSCC 9-bus system. Aiming to test the proposed technique and compare it with other widely used methods Mason, Berdy and Positive Offset, three kinds of events were simulated, namely, total loss of excitation, partial loss of excitation and stable power swing, for different initial generator loading. The computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method correctly identifies the occurrence of loss-of-excitation and does not operate in situations of stable power swings, regardless of the parameters of generators and their operating condition. Its alarm function allows taking the underexcited machine out faster by using manual intervention, which is especially useful when the initial loading is light or when it‟s a partial loss of excitation case. Another highlight is the ease adjustment of the method, which is related only with the generator‟s reactances data.