Nefrostomia percutânea ecoguiada em cães

Abstract

The technological development of imaging equipment has allowed for the improvement of pre-existing procedures and for the creation of new options in treatment, mainly in the application of urinary treatment, by introducing minimally invasive techniques. Hydronephrosis often originates from the partial or complete obstruction of the urine flow and it can affect one or both kidneys, causing dilation and progressive functional impairment. When renal function is evidenced by exams such as the excretory urography or scintigraphy, it becomes vital to recover the kidney with hydronephrosis, especially if the other damaged. Urinary drainage by percutaneous nephrostomy promotes immediate relief of intrarenal pressure, diverting the urine flow when its habitual trajectory is damaged. Furthermore, temporary drainage can be utilized, providing time for an adequate diagnosis and therapeutic planning or even avoiding or postponing a alternative of greater dimension and higher risk. The aim of this study was to describe and adjust the percutaneous nephrostomy technique, using ultrasound as a real-time guide to insert a catheter into the dilated pelvis. The procedure was performed on eight dogs, of both sexes, weighing between 10 and 17.5Kg, with unilateral hydronephrosis produced experimentally. The Seldinger and direct insertion techniques were used for the introduction of a pigtail catheter. The confirmation of the insertion of the cateter into the kidney was carried out by the infusion of a 30 per cent diluted iodine contrast medium according to the percutaneous antegrade pyelography. Washing with sterile saline solution through the catheter impeded the interruption of the urine flow by clots after the insertion. The technique demonstrated satisfactory results in urinary drainage of hydronephrosis in dogs, proving to be a quick, efficient and safe alternative.