Mancozebe associado ao patossistema Phakopsora pachyrhizi × Glycine max: respostas fisiológicas das plantas

Abstract

Mancozeb has been the protective fungicide with a multi-site mechanism widely used associated with fungicide programs in soybean cultivation. This compound has provided significant increases in the systemic fungicides performance in the soybean rust control. Besides the obvious fungicide effect, mancozeb has provided also effects on physiological parameters in plants promoting benefits such as fungicide phytotoxicity reduction and increases in plant vigor. The studies aimed to understand the interaction of mancozeb associated to systemic fungicides against the soybean rust control, in addition to determine the physiological plants responses from the product versus plant relation. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse and field, divided in four chapters in manuscript format. The first study investigates the effect of the mancozeb interaction with commercial mixtures of QoI + DMI based on two methodologies. From this, it was possible to verify that mancozeb increases significantly the control efficiency when associated with less efficient mixtures. In such interactions was obtained a control synergistic response. However it is expected at least an additive response, when associated to mixtures with high efficiency, the increase in control is lower. The second study consisted of the enzymes activity linked to the antioxidant response, the photosynthetic pigments concentration and lipid peroxidation investigation in plants exposed to the fungicide trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole, with potential to cause phytotoxicity, associated or not with mancozeb. Antioxidant enzymes activity increase, reduction in pigment concentration and cell damage due to increased lipid peroxidation were observed in plants exposed to systemic fungicide. These damages were attenuated when the systemic fungicide was associated with mancozeb. Moreover, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were analyzed in plants exposed to mancozeb and trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole, constituting the third study. Decreased in the photosynthetic efficiency was verified in plants treated with systemic fungicide characterizing a significant phytotoxic effect. The parameters evaluated elucidate a beneficial effect of mancozeb reducing the damages caused by the systemic fungicide. The fourth study aimed to evaluate changes in the leaves soybean nutritional status exposed to mancozeb. Macro and micronutrients concentration were determined on 4th and 8th days exposure. Significant changes in concentration of S, Mn and Zn were observed. Such changes were related to “green effect” on plants after mancozeb exposure. All data provide new information regarding the recent use of the mancozeb molecule in soybean. The contribution is original and presents data that can contribute to the definition of strategies in anti-resistance management and increase site-specific systemic fungicides effective life commonly used in soybean. In addition, the results present important physiological responses on plants induced Figure 1by mancozeb that can aggregate on development, vigor and productivity.