Efeito de um programa de exercicios resistidos com pesos no comportamento da glicemia em diabéticos tipo 2

Abstract

This work had the purpose of verifying the effect of 12 weeks of a Weight Resistance Exercise Program (WREP) upon body composition (BC) and gluked hemoglobin (A1c) in Type 2 Diabetics, as well as the acute effect upon capillary glucose (CG). The study group was composed with 8 sedentary volunteers of both sexes, aged between 47 and 58 years old, with at least 2 years of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) medical diagnosis and medical statement for Weight Resistance Exercise (WRE) practice. From the 8 subjects, 3 were treated with insulin and the others, only with oral anti-diabetes medication. The WREP constituted of 10 exercises, 3 days a week. The data collected before and after the WREP were referent to anthropometrical variables such as: Body Mass (BM), height, hip and waist perimeters and skin folds (SF). With these data, the Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist/Hip Ratio (WHR), 7 SF sum, % Body Fat (Petroski, 1995 and Rech, 2004, for men and women, respectively) and lean body mass (LBM). The A1c was determined by blood collection in a Clinical Analysis Laboratory and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The acute effect of the WRE was verified through CG before and after WRE in one of the week sessions during the whole WREP. Descriptive statistics and Student t test for dependent samples were used to verify the differences between pre and post WREP and between pre and post WRE session. For the verification of the differences in CG values obtained before and after exercise during the WREP, an Analysis of Variance was used. The level of significance adopted was 5%. The BM and the MBI increased from 89,78±10,02 to 91,15±9,86kg and from 32,31±3,17 to 32,97±2,88kg/m2 respectively. The WHR reduced from 1,03±0,06 to 1,02±0,6, the Σ7SF reduced from 211,50±71,42 to 194,48±58,34mm, the %Body Fat reduced from 35,55±7,05 to 34,24±6,14%. The LBM increased from 57,59±6,72 to 59,73±6,71kg. All these alterations were statistically significant. The A1c did not present significant alterations, varying from 7,36±1,73 to 7,84±1,38%. In relation to CG, a statistically significant reduction was observed in the mean values presented at the pre (191,79±77,30mg/dl) and post WRE (153,70±73,08mg/dl). When these data were separated by insulin use or not, it was also observed a statistically significant reduction in the mean values presented at pre (248,94±74,80mg/dl) and post WRE (210,50±84,69mg/dl) in both insulin users and not users, in which were observed mean values of 157,50±55,79 at pre and 119,62±34,55mg/dl at post WRE. There was no statistically significant difference in the CG values of pre and post tests, during the 12 weeks of WREP, when using an Analysis of Variance with a unique factor repetition. With these results it was noticed a favorable effect of the WRE upon BC and CG indicators. However, there were no significant alterations in A1c. This fact strengthens the importance of adopting an active lifestyle for the better control of blood glucose levels, as well as to reduce cardiovascular diseases risks, which are augmented in subjects with Diabetes Mellitus.