Questões sobre o impacto do fomento florestal no bioma Pampa

Abstract

This work presents an evaluation on the possible environmental impacts which may happen in Rio Grande do Sul, as a consequence of the forestation in the area of “Bioma Pampa” with exotic species of Eucalyptus, Acacia and Pinus. From an analysis about this subject it can be pointed out that the risk of some environmental impacts to occur is big. Furthermore, an influence on social and cultural aspects in the region which can change some characteristics of our State would be taken in account. Some aspects like an alteration of the typical landscape of the fields may be threatened and with them the survival of animals and plants which live there. Monocultures, in general, threaten the biodiversity and lead to a disequilibrium of the ecosystems inducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. After harvest of these plants would appear a big visual impact, exposing soils to erosion. This situation could carry soils to the rivers, lakes and other water sources causing or intensifying the drag and accelerating the degradation of the environment. On the other hand, there are positive aspects of the forestation which would be considered like the carbon request since the plants are responsible for the uptake and metabolism of carbon dioxide by the photosynthesis. The roots of these plants, in decomposition, build channels for a better infiltration of superficial water in the soils supplying the ground water reservoir and reducing superficial washing of soils.