Perfil bucal dos pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço em tratamento oncológico e as necessidades de tratamento odontológico

Abstract

Cancer is defined as a large group of diseases that has as a characteristic the disordered proliferation of cells that invade tissues and organs and can spread to other regions of the body. When it affects the head and neck region, it corresponds to a malignant tumor arising from the mucosa of the upper digestive tract: nasopharynx and larynx, including the hypopharynx, oropharynx, lip and oral cavity. In addition, it is considered the fifth most common type in malignancy, resulting in approximately 300 thousand deaths per year. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral profile of patients with head and neck cancer attended at the Head and Neck Surgery outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of Santa Maria / RS in cancer treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a concomitant manner and the dental treatment needs. The data obtained were studied through a descriptive analysis with a retrospective approach, from the medical charts. Data from 43 medical records of patients attended between March and December 2017 were collected. Among the results, a predominance of males was observed, with a mean age of 60.77 years, predominance of individuals with white skin color (88.37%). There was a prevalence of married (46.51%), born (20.93%) and born (39.53%) patients from the city of Santa Maria. Most patients have low schooling (81.40%) and 25.58% are farmers. There was a predominance of former smokers (51.16%), who did not consume more alcohol (48.84%) and had a family history of cancer (37.21%). The most common site was the larynx (30.23%) and the oropharynx (30.23%) and the most frequent histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (97.67%). Almost half of the individuals in the study are in stage IV (48.84%) and most do not present metastasis (60.47%). Already in the dental treatment prior to antineoplastic therapy, the most needed were exodontia, periodontal treatment, restorations and endodontic treatment. Through this study we can understand the importance of the intervention of the Dentist in the pre, post and during the antineoplastic treatment. The results show how important the presence of the Dentist is, from the moment of diagnosis to the time of anti-neoplastic therapy.