Generalização em três modelos de terapia fonológica aplicados em crianças com diferentes graus de severidade do desvio fonológico

Abstract

This study aimed at comparing the phonological changes obtained in the different models of therapy in subjects with different degrees of phonological disorder (PD) severity. The PD diagnosis was determined out by means of phonological and complementary assessments. The subjects’ speech data were analyzed through the performance of the Child’s Phonological Assessment (CPA) proposed by Yavas, Hernandorena & Lamprecht (1991). After the phonological assessment, the percentage of correct consonants (PCC) proposed by Shriberg & Kwiatkowski (1982) was calculated and the subjects were then classified in the degrees of severity of the PD: severe (SD), moderate-severe (MSD), mild-moderate (MMD) and mild disorder (MD). The data utilized in the study to belong three Master’s Dissertations (Blanco, 2003; Barberena, 2005; Bagetti, 2005) had aimed at comparing, in subjects with different degrees of PD severity, the generalization obtained with treatment, respective by Modified Cycles, ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes and Modified Maximum Opposition Models. The studied group was composed by twenty one subjects, eleven males and ten females, with average age in the beginning of treatment 5:7. After the treatment, making the comparison among models of therapy within each degree of PD severity of the PCC, phonetic inventory, phonological system and generalization. The following types of generalizations were analyzed: to non used items during treatment (other words); to other position in the word, inside a sound class; and to other sound class. The types of generalizations were found in all models researched, however, the subjects treated with ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes presented the major phonological changes in relation to the generalization to non used items during treatment (SD, MSD, MMD), to generalization inside a sound class (MMD, MD) and to other sound class (SD, MSD, MMD, MD). Also the subjects treated with the Modified Maximum Opposition Model presented generalization to non used items during treatment (MD) and to other position in the word (MSD, MMD). Concerning the PCC, phonetic inventory, phonological system was verified gains in all models studied, but the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes and Modified Maximum Opposition Models were more effetive to the group with MSD and the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes to the group with SD.