Avaliação de potenciais biomarcadores séricos e salivares e do polimorfismo do gene da glutationa S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) na obesidade adulto jovem

Abstract

Obesity and overweight are complex clinical syndromes responsible for high morbidity and mortality throughout the world, as they are risk factors for the development of Metabolic Syndrome, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin resistance, cancer among others. Various mechanisms may contribute to excessive weight and obesity, including an abnormal production of adipokines, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory and inflammatory responses, polymorphisms, emotional and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to investigate potential serum biomarkers and salivary and gene polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in young adult obesity. Through a cross-sectional study were selected 149 young adults between 18 and 30 years of both sexes (54 of normal weight, 27 overweight and 68 obese). The anthropometric and biochemical parameters, inflammatory, oxidative serum and saliva were evaluated as Ile105Val the frequency of the polymorphism of the GSTP1 gene. Obese subjects had lower serum levels of antioxidants, adiponectin, HDL-C and increased levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, resistin, RBP-4, ADA, DPP-IV), lipid peroxidation and biochemical parameters. Salivary activity of ADA and DPP-IV, as well as lipid peroxidation were higher in obese patients when compared with the normal weight group. High levels of resistin, RBP-4, IL-6, ADA, DPP-VI, lidídica peroxidation and reduced levels of adiponectin and antioxidants can promote inflammation and oxidative stress in obese bodies and contribute to a decrease in insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis and other cardiometabolic consequences. The activity of ADA and DPP-IV, as well as salivary lipid peroxidation may be related to the regulation of glucose and inflammation in obesity metabolism, since these enzyme systems may interfere with the adipose tissue functions by lipolytic action and reduction of adenosine levels. The positive association between the polymorphism of GSTP1 and obesity was observed, the GG genotype was found only in the obese group and those with at least one G allele had 2.4 times greater risk of obesity compared with the AA genotype. The results indicate that the polymorphism of the GSTP1 gene may play a significant role in increasing the susceptibility to and risk of obesity. It concludes that the studied biomarkers and polymorphisms of GSTP1 can be used to identify changes involved in inflammation and insulin resistance which the clinical relevance is extremely important in preventing obesity of young Brazilian population.