Biologia tumoral e diagnóstico histopatológico por coleta com agulha fina no osteossarcoma canino

Abstract

The increase in life expectancy of animals has provided the appearance of various diseases, mainly cancer. Osteosarcoma is a primary tumor of bone origin and unknown cause that affects humans and animals. This cancer usually affects adult dogs, with an average of seven years of age. While 75% of these injuries are in the appendicular skeleton, 25% occur in the axial skeleton. Clinical signs vary from mild claudicações the pathologic fractures, and pain and increase in volume. The diagnosis is made by histopathology together with cytopathology, however, the clinical history and radiology also contribute to the diagnosis of bone cancer. The cytological examination is performed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (CAAF), has several advantages such as rapid examination, low-cost, efficient and without risk to life of the animal. The collection of bone tissue can be facilitated using a Jamshidi needle, which can perforate the cortical bone. Treatment for this neoplasm consists of surgery followed by chemotherapy, according to the patient. The Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA) compared to incisional biopsy win advantage as the second technique, despite getting a good sample size for the histopathological examination is totally invasive, tumor cells can spread to adjacent tissues. Furthermore, the patient undergoes a surgical procedure and may cause problems therapy postoperatively. Therefore, FNA should be preferred for collecting material in bone tumors, both the ease and speed of results, and for the early initiation of antineoplastic therapy. This paper proposed a model of collection by FNAB, where the sample size was sufficient in 33% of cases for histopathological examination. The new technique proposed in this monograph collection should be improved and introduced in the clinic for small animals, bringing benefits to them and opening avenues for further studies in oncology.