Ação da rutina e oxitetraciclina sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos e oxidativos em tecidos de Rhamdia quelen

Abstract

Fish farming conditions can lead to stress situations, contributing to the occurrence of infectious diseases, considered a great challenge for the productive success of this activity. Thus, antibiotics have been used for therapeutic purposes and for prophylaxis, especially oxytetracycline (OTC), which has advantages in terms of efficacy and economy compared to other antibiotics. However, there is a great concern in the intensive use of antibiotics due to the development of antimicrobial resistance, besides the environmental problems caused by these drugs. The need for healthier foods has led to the demand for natural products. Rutin (RUT) incorporated in the diet can be a natural alternative to minimize the physiological changes due to the use of antibiotics during the cultivation, once its antioxidant activity has been described, as well as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial properties, among others. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological implications of OTC and the possible protective effect of RUT on the action of this drug. For this, silver catfish were randomly divided into four groups and fed the following experimental diets (n = 10): (1) control; (2) RUT diet; (3) OTC diet; (4) RUT+OTC diet. After the fourteen days experimental period, silver catfish were euthanized for sample It was observed with the results that OTC increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (CRE) and urea in plasma. RUT decreased levels of ALT and CRE when administered concomitantly with OTC. In liver and head kidney, the OTC diet increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein oxidation; The RUT diet decreased such levels in the RUT+OTC diet. The antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), had lower activity in animals fed diet with OTC. The RUT increased activity of these enzymes in the RUT+OTC diet. Hepatic glycogen levels were lower and hepatic glucose levels were higher in animals fed with OTC. The RUT+OTC diet increased hepatic glycogen and decreased hepatic glucose. Diets containing OTC decreased prolactin gene expression in the pituitary gland. These results demonstrate that OTC can be considered a stressor for silver catfish, since it affected hematological, oxidative, metabolic and molecular parameters in a way harmful to fish. In addition, RUT has proven to be a beneficial option to reverse these parameters. Thus, the addition of flavonoid RUT seems to be a less harmful alternative when compared to the use of antibiotic (OTC) to production of silver catfish.