Meios de vida e renda: uma pesquisa em painel de agricultores familiares do sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

The present thesis specifically addresses the theme of rural livelihoods and incomes, taking the family farmers of the Southwest of Paraná as their empirical universe. In general, the purpose was to understand the relationship between livelihoods and the income formation of family farmers in the Southwest of Paraná, specifically to analyze how entitlements / assets influence income formation strategies in production in the agricultural years 2012-2013 and 2016-2017. As a study of agriculture, semi-structured questionnaires with 25 family production units were applied in the Barra do Santana Community in the municipality of Verê, located in the Southwest of Paraná, in the agricultural years 2012-2013 and 2016-2017, which characterizes a research on panel. As a complementary technique, the participant observation allowed to contemplate the existing complexities in relation to the social reduction of family farmers, focusing on income aspects. The results indicate that the total income of the UPF increased with the passing of the years of analysis, and that this is derived from the increase of all incomes that make up the total income, except of the income from other sources, and that the agricultural income is mainly responsible by the total income of the production units in both years of analysis. However, income from social transfers, other labor incomes, incomes from other sources and non-agricultural incomes account for 28% and 36% of total income in the agricultural years 2012-2013 and in the agricultural year 2016-2017, respectively, showing that the increase of these incomes is of great importance for the maintenance of the social reproduction of the families in their production units and that the greater diversification of the income provides increase of income over the years. It was found that livelihoods expanded from the agricultural year 2012-2013 to the agricultural year 2016-2017, but out of all the capital that forms the livelihoods, physical and financial capital were more vulnerable than human, social capital and natural, because comparatively the values found are lower in both years. Thus, it can be seen that the average sustainability of the livelihoods of the family production units interviewed increased with the passage of time since the harmonic mean of each of the capitals also increased, although weaknesses were found in physical and financial capitals . Finally, when the analysis of the entitlements is carried out, it is inferred that the low income of the UPF in the rural area derives from less access to the assets / entitlements and consequently from a smaller IMV, that does not provide an expansion of the living conditions, and that the higher incomes are derived from greater access to assets / entitlements, and consequently a higher IMV, which provides an expansion of living conditions.