Clima e crises cardíacas nas regiões de saúde Entre Rios e Verdes Campos/RS

Abstract

The "Medical Geography" or " Health Geography " as part of geographical science is concerned with the relationship between the environment and human beings, exercising influence on the individuals who inhabit it, in which environmental and social factors are conditioning factors in the quality of life of the population. Regarding cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which group all heart diseases, it is considered a non-transmissible disease (NCD) that most affects globally the society in relation to hospital mortality and morbidity (WHO, 2011). It is known through classical literature that, among other climatic elements, temperature directly affects the circulatory system, especially in lower temperatures and in colder seasons.On the other hand, both the most extreme temperatures, such as Heat waves and Cold waves, affect the proper functioning of the organism (SARTORI, 2014). Thus, the research problem arises the possibility of identifying a pattern with the climatic variables in the hospitalizations for the cardiology sector that occurred via Emergency Care (PA) of the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM) using the SIE and AGHU database and having as population base the Health Regions of Verdes Campos and Entre Rios, which form the 4th Regional Health Coordination (CRS). For this, the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) Database will be used as meteorological database. The seasons of the year, the Heat Waves (OC) and Cold Waves (OF) were defined and the hospitalization averages were calculated for each occurrence and up to 7 days after the end of each wave, to evaluate the late responses of hospitalization. It was discussed in each year of the studied period, the most representative OC and OF of hospitalization for each year of the study time scale for analysis. The ages and genders of the patients were also analyzed in terms of seasonality and waves. The social and economic markers were presented for the cities of the 4th CRS (MHDI; Gini Index; GDP) and for the city of Santa Maria was related to household nominal income and the social deprivation index for urban área of city proposed by Faria et al. .al (2019) with hospitalizations. The results point to a list of hospitalizations in winter (0.775 hospitalizations per day) and the average of all period analyzed was (0.726 hospitalizations per day). The hot and cold waves presented higher hospitalization rates than the days that there were no anomalies. Late responses presented a higher risk of hospitalization for up to 7 days after cold waves. The male public was more affected by cardiovascular diseases than the female and the age group older than 60 years was more affected. The social markers analyzed indicate that both the lowest incomes and the greatest deprivations are related to hospitalizations. In the cities of the 4th Regional Health Coordination and in the municipality of Santa Maria, hospitalizations in the cardiology sector, via emergency care at the University Hospital corroborated with the literature data, showing higher hospitalizations in winter and lower in summer and both hot or cold waves, showed to be related to the largest contingentes of hospitalization in short periods of time