Comunicação humana, saúde e interdisciplinaridade: análise das percepções de estagiários e de docentes da fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e terapia ocupacional

Abstract

Objective: To analyze how the trainees and teachers of Physiotherapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy of Higher Education Institutions (HEI), in the city of Santa Maria / RS, perceive human communication, as well as to identify their understanding of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary work together to people with communication disorders. Methods: Descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. The research population was composed of trainees and teachers from HEI (public and private) in the areas of Physicaherapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy, of both sexes, aged over 18 years, from the city of Santa Maria. After consent of the institutional leaders, it was decided to use a sample of convenience and an equal number of subjects in each professional category. Thus, the research involved six students and six teachers from each of the three nucleus, totaling 36 participants. Data were collected from August 2017 to April 2018, through semi-structured interviews. For the interpretation and analysis of the data, we used the Content Analysis. Results: The results are presented and discussed in two articles: 1) "Communication Disorders: Perceptions of Trainees in Physicaherapy, Speech Therapy and Occupational Therapy" that to learn the understanding of students of these professional nucle, regarding human communication and teamwork . The participants highlighted the different ways of communication; but the students of Physicaherapy and Occupational Therapy affirmed that the subject has been little worked in their courses, which causes insecurity, frustration and anxiety when accompanying subjects with altered language. Regarding teamwork, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity were not precisely defined; 2) "Teamwork and Human Communication: the perception of Physicaherapy, Speech and Hearing Therapy and Occupational Therapy teachers" aimed to investigate knowledge and experience of teachers in these areas on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary work, as well as about human communication. As for the inter and transdisciplinarity, there was doubt among professionals, especially with regard to transdisciplinary work. On the other hand, all teachers acknowledged that no nucleus is individually decisive in health care and that when faced with subjects with communication disorders, they consider in their practices both verbal and non-verbal communication. Conclusion: Trainees and teachers presented agreement on the concept of communication, highlighting the different ways of expression/interpretation. The participants expressed doubts regarding the concept of inter and transdicisplinarity, arguing that they are little discussed and practiced during vocational training. This study revealed that it is necessary to implement integrated and dynamic curriculs that allow the integration, at a minimum, of the professional nucle discussed here, and the discussion of themes such as human communication, group approaches and teamwork, in order to improve training and humanized health care.