Efeitos do método pilates e do treino aeróbico em sujeitos hipertensos: ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

Hypertension is a worldwide problem that has been causing high rates of morbimortality and financial losses to the society. In the non-pharmacological hypertension study treatment, the most diverse guidelines indicate aerobic training as a fundamental intervention to the improvement of these subjects. Aerobic exercise produces numerous benefits in the hypertensive population, such as: reduction of blood pressure, improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid and metabolic profile and autonomic balance. The Pilates method has been shown to be a great ally not only for the improvement of muscle strength and flexibility, but also to improve the respiratory capacity of healthy individuals. In addition, in hypertense subject there was a reduction in blood pressure. The purpose of this clinical trial is to compare the effects of aerobic exercise and Pilates in individuals with hypertension. Subjects with hypertension diagnosis were recruited as well as sedentary ones, from the community, under use of anti hypertensive medicine. The was carried at the laboratories for rehabilitation, body perception and biochemistry research clinic, buildings 26 and 26-D, UFSM, and had anthropometric assessments, measures of blood pressure (casual and 24-hour), heart rate variability, body composition and functional capacity. The subjects were randomised to the training with Pilates method on the ground or with aerobic exercise on the treadmill for eight weeks. To analyse the data, the program GraphPad Prism 5 was used. The trial was registered in the Clinical Trials before the beginning of the collections and accepted by the UFSM Ethics and Research Committee. There were no significant changes in casual blood pressure and autonomic balance in both groups. There was a reduction in systolic blood pressure, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, measured in 24 hours, in the Pilates group. Pilates had a greater 24 h reduction of SBP compared to aerobic exercise (mean difference -5.5 mmHg, 95% CI -10.6 to -0.4). The group that performed aerobic exercise increased the functional capacity compared to the Pilates group.The Pilates method was superior to aerobic training in controlling blood pressure, especially the systolic one, when monitored for 24 hours, but only the aerobic exercise has improved the functional capacity.