Fatores associados à renda e escolaridade em idosos com excesso de peso autorreferido

Abstract

Introduction: Population aging is one of the major challenges for public health, since it implies working with an increased prevalence of chronic conditions. Objectives: To evaluate the factors associated with income and education in self-reported overweight elders in the city of Santiago, RS. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, non-probabilistic analytical study based on the collection of retrospective data extracted from the household and individual primary care records. The target group of the survey were overweight elders, aged 60 or more, belonging to the geopolitical regions where the units of the Family Health Strategy of the mentioned municipality are located. Descriptive statistics was used with calculation of frequencies, means and standard deviations. In the comparison of proportions or categorical variables, the chi-square test was used. Statistically significant values were considered when p <0.05. Results: 454 elderly people of both sexes participated in the study. The highest frequency of the elders with lower income (≤1 MW) was female (p=0.009), low education up to 4 years of study (p <0.001), not working (p=0.186), smoker (p=0.154), with chronic disease (p=0.632) quantified with the presence of one chronic disease (p=0.072) with a higher frequency of arterial hypertension (p=0.154). As for the elders with higher income (> 4 MW), the highest frequency was in the age group 60-69 years (p=0.579), white race (p <0.001), private health insurance (p <0.001) and non-smoker (p=0.264). Regarding education, the highest frequency of elderly people with up to 4 years of schooling was female (p = 0.013), not working (p=0.001), without health insurance (p<0.001),non-smoker (p=0.527), presence of chronic condition (p=0.049) with higher frequency of arterial hypertension (p=0.008). On the other hand, among the elders with education between 5 and 8 years, the highest frequency was related to income between two and four minimum wages (p<0.001), coming from the FHS southeast (p=0.005) and with two or more chronic conditions (p=0.100). The elders with higher schooling (9 years or more of study), the highest frequency was 60 and 69 years of age (p <0.001) and white race (p=0.001). Conclusion: Factors associated with the income of self-reported overweight elderly individuals were associated with gender, age, race, schooling, from geopolitical regions of the FHS and private health insurance. Schooling was associated with gender, age, race, income, work, geopolitical regions of FHS, private health insurance, hypertension and presence of chronic condition.