Perfil nutricional de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo II frequentadores de um hospital universitário da região centro-oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

ABSTRACT: According to the International Diabetes Federation, Brazil is in the 5th position in the world ranking of people with diabetes with 16.8 million, there is still an estimate that in 2045 the number will increase to 26 million. Nutritional therapy is essential for the treatment and care of diabetes. An individualized approach and nutritional education is necessary for effective nutritional self-control. General objective: To present a metabolic and nutritional profile of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at a University Hospital in Santa Maria. Methodology: The sample was determined by convenience. The study involved the participation of 57 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were undergoing treatment at the outpatient clinics of the Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria from October 2018 to May 2019. Data collection was carried out through an interview conducted by researcher to investigate the dietary history through dietary surveys and metabolic profile through the collection of results from the medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: The mean time of diabetes was 16.5 ± 10.18 years and there were predominance of females and low education. The average age was between 60 years and 69% used insulin concomitantly with the use of other oral drugs. The mean fasting blood glucose was 169 ± 59 mg / dL and Hba1c 8.68 ± 1.95%. Regarding physical activity, only 3.5% were classified as active. In terms of nutritional status, it is highlighted that 96% were overweight or obese, the average abdominal circumference was 110.6 ± 18.5 c Vitamins A, B9, E and D had inadequacies regarding their consumption, leading to taking into account the estimated values of the Estimated Average Requirement - EAR, when evaluating the; food frequency markers, less than half of the patients reported consuming vegetables and legumes daily. More than 50% said they consume salt and water biscuits at least once a week. Regarding the consumption of whole foods, more than 60% reported never / almost never consuming. Conclusion: It appears that the majority of individuals with type 2 DM consume foods with a high carbohydrate content of rapid absorption, low intake of fiber and vegetables and legumes. In view of the results obtained in the present study, regarding the food consumption of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to monitor a trained professional who can develop a diet plan that ensures that these patients have enough information to be able to have an adequate diet.