Efeitos do treinamento muscular respiratório na deglutição e na qualidade de vida de sujeitos com bronquiectasia

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchiectasis is characterized by the abnormal and irreversible dilation of one or more segments of the bronchial tree by the destruction of the elastic and muscular components of its walls. Over time, it can affect important functions such as swallowing, and it is necessary to carry out adequate evaluations in order to identify changes in the biomechanics of this function for elaborate effective therapeutic proposals. Objective: to analyze the effects of inspiratory muscle training on swallowing and quality of life related to swallowing of patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis. Method: unblinded clinical trial. Participants underwent clinical evaluation of swallowing, quality of life assessment through the Quality of Life in Swallowing Disorders questionnaire, videofluoroscopy, manovacuometry and dyspnea scale. The sample was divided into two groups; the control group realized conventional respiratory physiotherapy through a bronchial clearance protocol and the study group associated this with inspiratory muscle training with POWERbreathe Physical therapy was performed twice a week for four weeks. Results: elavuated 11 individuals with bronchiectasis, most of them with normal swallowing (63.6%), middle-aged adults (44-64 years) (54.5%) female (72.7%). There was good agreement among the judges who analyzed the biomechanics of swallowing before and after the interventions. In both groups, maximal inspiratory pressure was higher after intervention (P = 0.007). However, the maximum inspiratory pressure was higher in the study group than in the control group (P = 0.034) after inspiratory muscle training. There was improvement in both groups in some variables, such as delay in the beginning of the pharyngeal phase and residues in valleculae, although without statistical significance, besides improvement of dyspnea after training. Observed improvement in the quality of life related to swallowing in the domains duration of feeding, frequency of symptoms and fatigue after inspiratory muscle training. Conclusion: the inspiratory muscle training did not have significant effects on the biomechanics of swallowing, although it improved the maximal inspiratory pressure and the degree of dyspnea, in addition to the improvement in the quality of life related to swallowing.