Reposicionamento dos antidepressivos e avaliação da atividade antibacteriana e de nuclease química in vitro de oxalato de escitalopram e clonazepam

Abstract

The emergence of multiresistance to commercially available antimicrobials today is likely to continue to be one of the major global public health problems, as it has worrying clinical and economic consequences. Concomitant with the increase in infections caused by multidrugresistant microorganisms (MDR), there has been a drastic reduction of new antibacterials in the market, as well as investments for their creation. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, resistance to antitumor drugs is already a reality. Thus, it is essential to search for new substances and / or compounds that exhibit antibacterial and / or antitumor activity. With this, drug repositioning has emerged as an alternative approach for the faster identification of effective drugs. In this sense, the present study aimed, in the first article, to present to the scientific community the current research on the repositioning of antidepressants for the treatment of infections caused by microorganisms. In the second manuscript, the individual antibacterial activity and in combination with antibacterials of the non-antibiotics escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam were analyzed against standard strains and clinical isolates multiresistant. In addition, the chemical nuclease ability of these drugs was analyzed. In the first article, we report that antidepressant drugs, highlighting the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have significant activity against several microorganisms. We present 14 studies covering the repositioning of antidepressant drugs to treat infections. Among the antidepressants, escitalopram oxalate was reported with activity reported in vitro against standard bacterial strains. In the second manuscript, we report the antibacterial and chemical nuclease activity of the drugs oxalate of escitalopram and clonazepam. The first was active against a standard Gram-negative strain and eight Grampositive MDR clinical isolates. The second drug showed activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative, with four standard Gram-positive strains and all Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR clinical isolates. Escitalopram oxalate and clonazepam showed activity in vitro when individually associated with ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim against standard strains and clinical MDR Gram-positive isolates. Clonazepam was also active against a gram-negative bacterium. Clonazepam was able to cleave the plasmidial DNA. Further studies should be performed by our research group, in order to verify the activity of clonazepam against tumor cell lines. Therefore, in this work we show that these two drugs constitute a promising alternative to redirection in the treatment of infectious diseases and also for neoplasias. Further studies, using different techniques, are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved.