Efeito agudo do café na função endotelial e parâmetros de rigidez arterial de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract

Coffee is consumed worldwide and known for its pleasant taste. In healthy people, coffee consumption has shown controversial results when associated with endothelial function and arterial stiffness, as well as little is known about the effect of coffee on these parameters in overweight and obese individuals. Arterial stiffness has been evaluated in clinical trials by noninvasive central pressure assessment techniques. Endothelial function has been evaluated by the brachial artery flow- mediated dilation flow (FMD) technique. The objective of this study was to verify the acute effect of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee intake on endothelial function and arterial stiffness parameters of overweight and obese individuals. This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial in which participants underwent two treatments (caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee), and the treatments were separated by a seven-day washout period. The samples were taken at a private cardiology clinic in Santa Maria - RS. Eighteen healthy people participated, with a mean age of 37.4 ± 10 years and a mean body mass index of 28.96 ± 2.42, mostly female (61.1%), with low cardiovascular risk (88, 8%) that were randomized to consume 220ml of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee. Endothelial function was measured by FMD assessed by ultrasound. Arterial stiffness was assessed by an automatic oscillometric device. Sociodemographic variables were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for the evaluation of plasma lipid and nitric oxide profile. As for the results, caffeinated coffee elevated central systolic blood pressure (P <0.001), central diastolic blood pressure (P <0.001), central pulse pressure (P = 0.009), total vascular resistance (P = 0.002) and the pulse wave velocity (P <0.001). Neither caffeinated nor decaffeinated coffee changed endothelial function. In overweight and obese individuals, caffeinated coffee has unfavorable effects on arterial stiffness parameters and did not affect endothelial function. Decaffeinated coffee, on the other hand, had no influence on the arterial stiffness parameters evaluated or on endothelial function.