Análise econômica da cadeia produtiva do carvão vegetal em municípios do Vale do Taquari e Caí, RS

Abstract

In the present study aimed to analyze economically the productive chain of charcoal in cities of Taquari and Caí Valley, Rio Grande do Sul. The region covered the cities of Brochier, Maratá, Paverama and Poço das Antas. Subsidies were obtained with questionnaires application in loco, applied under the main links of the productive chain (forest nurseries, production of acácia-negra, charcoal producers and packers of charcoal). With the use of sampling with probability proportional, to be interviewed 123 rural properties and 09 packers. The economic analysis was performed with the aid of the criterion: Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Relation Benefit-Cost (B/C), Average Cost of Production (CMPr), Annual Value Equivalent (VAE), Infinite Net Present Value (NPV ∞), Expected Value of Earth (VET). The average rate of attractiveness used was 6.8% a.a. Were identified seven forest nurseries for seedlings of acácia-negra, most laminate (57,1%), with seed of origin (71,4%) and greenhouse (71,4%) and sprinkler irrigation system (57,1 percent). The region has 1087 acácia producers being 84,1% originated from seedlings and 57,5% in consortia with agricultural crops (planting manual). In addition, sixteen enterprises were identified for support. The production of 300.000 seedlings and laminated tubes were considered economically viable, however the second option presented total cost (RS 20.839,55/year) and CMPr (RS 71,19/thousand), in addition to B/C more (1,55). Among the options proposed for the production of acácia-negra (pure and planting in consortium with corn), the only scenario with economic infeasibility was observed in site 12 index of pure plantation with values of VPL (R$ -129,85/ha), VAE (R$ -19,76/ha/year) and NPV infinity (R$ -290,61/ha) negative; of TIR (6,05% a.a) less than TMA; VET (R$ 4,709,39/ha) less than the value of the land; CMPr (R$ 59,30/m3) greater than the price paid for the raw material. Charcoal production proved to be economically viable in all three types of ovens, however the CMPr values (R$ 0,32/Kg) and B/C (1,94) were more attractive with the process performed in the ovens type "Brockley" with own firewood. Charcoal packaging more attractive values were reported when the coal processed is own: Total Cost (R$ 80.408,50 per year); CMPr (0.69/Kg packaged) and B/C (1,59). It is concluded that despite the outdated technological level employed in charcoal produttiva chain in the Valley do Caí and Taquari activities are, for the most part, economically profitable.