Modelo de dinâmica de sistemas aplicado a integração de recursos energéticos distribuidos considerando a operação em uma microrrede

Abstract

The global electricity sector has undergone significant changes over the years, due to the search for energy diversification and the advancement of technology. These changes are driven by the demand to replace fossil fuels with renewable and less polluting resources. However, this process is not simple, considering that several uncertainties are involved in the planning, management and operation of these resources. In view of this problem, and considering that there are no economic planning methodologies that can include integration of energy resources and demand management in the same computational model, this research aims to develop a model in Systems Dynamics, where it is possible to obtain the economic viability of a given project involving sources of generation and storage of energy, forming a micro-grid, and thus obtaining the reduction of demand. The modeling in System Dynamics presents advantages in comparison to the existing ones, because it is possible to add variables of a certain problem and obtain answers with greater ease. The focus of the work is distributed generation, including intermittent sources, such as photovoltaic and wind, and controlled dispatch of combustion engines sources, combined with energy storage and demand management. With the model it is possible to obtain the power generation from each source, the reduction in the demand curve, the invoices with and without the insertion of the micro-grid, the cash flow and the possibility of expanding the system. A case study is applied to the developed model, where an economic analysis of the installation of a microgrid is made integrating the existing generation resources at the site, in order to reduce the electric energy bill of the Federal University of Santa Maria. The results obtained with the application of the case study proved the feasibility of using the model to analyze the economic benefits of implementing distributed energy resources.