Avaliação dos impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais na gestão dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares na zona rural - uma abordagem utilizando dinâmica de sistemas

Abstract

This work presents the understanding, development and execution of computational models, which have the main functionality of situational analysis and generation of alternatives to assist in the decision-making process for the implementation of public policies, with regard to the management of household solid waste in rural settlements. These communities have conditions similar to the structure of urban peripheries, which results in a larger and more diversified production of waste per capita. The models were developed using the System Dynamics method, which has the necessary tools for the study of dynamic systems, which change over time, enabling the analysis of complex systems. Through Vensim, it was possible to develop, document, simulate and analyze the models, verifying the environmental and social impact caused by the generation and disposal of waste. For the implementation in the Vensim simulator (Vensim, 2016), historical data were used, based on information from official sources, to verify the integration between the component components of the model, as well as the results generated, since the outputs were evaluated produced in each simulation from real data provided to them. The impacts of the disposal and irregular destination of waste were evidenced and the benefits of implementing management processes related to the separation of recyclable materials and the processing of existing organic matter. In both processes, the results were satisfactory and met the expectations of the designers, demonstrating a percentage reduction potential of over 76% in irregularly discarded waste, highlighting the benefits occasioned by the management and proper handling of household solid waste. Fits noteworthy that the conditions observed in the lack of management are a warning due to the socio-environmental liability generated. With the results generated by the simulation model, managers can, in advance, discuss, evaluate, decide measures and validate the public policies necessary to minimize the socio environmental impacts of irregular waste discharges, thus improving living conditions in rural communities.