Qualidade do sono, sonolência diurna excessiva e adoecimento em trabalhadores de enfermagem do turno noturno

Abstract

Nursing workers are exposed to occupational risks and work-related situations, such as shift work, especially night work, which can cause physical, psychological and social damage to workers' health. Night work is one of the main factors that contribute to sleep alterations, influencing its quality, sleepiness and impacting workers' health. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and physical, psychological and social damages in night shift nursing workers. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study that used the matrix project database “Excessive daytime sleepiness and its effects on the health of nursing workers in a public institution”, approved by the Research Ethics Committee under opinion nº 2.237.779. Inclusion criteria were defined as being a nurse, nursing technician or nursing assistant, acting in the direct assistance to users and working in the night shift during the data collection period. The sample was stratified by professional category and used 95% confidence, sampling error for 5% proportion. The study site was a University Hospital located in Rio Grande do Sul. For data collection, which took place from September 2017 to April 2018, a socio-occupational and health-related questionnaire was used, Work-Related Damage, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used, considering statistically significant p <0.05. The ethical aspects were respected. A total of 139 workers participated in the study, with a mean age of 42.6 years (± 9.47) and working time of 9.7 years (± 8.12); 35.3% suffered from work acuity and 18% left work. Physical damage was classified as critical (overall average = 2.19). Most workers were physically ill (56.8%); presented poor sleep quality (80.6%) and absence of excessive daytime sleepiness (61.2%). Associations were identified between socio-occupational variables and symptoms of health and physical, psychological and social illness and sleep quality. Excessive daytime sleepiness associated with health symptoms. Sleep quality associated with physical illness (p<0.05). Physical, psychological and social damages correlated with each other; and sleep quality correlated with physical and psychological damages. It was concluded that nightly nursing workers that were physically and psychologically ill have worse sleep evaluation.