Riscos de adoecimento em trabalhadores de serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência

Abstract

The general objective of this study was to analyze the risks of work-related illness in workers working in Mobile Emergency Care Services. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out in the Mobile Emergency Care Service of four municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The research population consisted of workers who are part of the service (nurses, nursing technicians, doctors and conductors). Data collection was performed by applying a questionnaire of sociodemographic and labor data and the Inventory on Work and Risk of Illness, from which three subscales were used, which investigate work and the risks of illness caused by it in terms of representation of the work context, costs (physical, cognitive and affective) and damages. The analysis of categorical variables occurred through absolute and relative frequency; the quantitative ones, by the mean, median and standard deviation. In the statistical analysis, the chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used, and in all analyzes the significance level was set at 5%. 104 workers participated in the study. The workers were mostly male (68.3%), with a companion (77.9%) and have children (67.3%). The average age of participants is 39.2 years (SD: 8.675). Most of them have graduate degrees and work at another job. The occupational hazards most perceived by workers were stress, commotion with the victim's family member, contamination with biological materials and aggression/violence. The work context obtained a critical evaluation (μ= 2.48 and SD=0.59), and, with regard to the scale factors, the work organization also received a critical evaluation and the work conditions and relationships socio-professionals obtained a satisfactory evaluation. The human cost at work had a critical result (μ= 3.41 and SD=0.61), and the physical and cognitive cost factors obtained a severe evaluation, producing suffering at work due to the physical and cognitive demands it demands. . Already, the affective cost, got a critical evaluation. Regarding the health damage present in workers, the general assessment was bearable (Percentile= 1.41), satisfactory. Physical damage had a critical result, while psychological and social damage had a satisfactory assessment. It is concluded that workers in this service are exposed to various risks of illness, as well as some diseases already installed linked to the development of their activities at work. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that these professionals are exposed to risks of illness related to the work context, the demands and effects of work on health, factors that can have consequences for the health of workers. The correlation analysis shows a significant relationship between the risks of illness. In addition, the present study contributes to the discussion about the risks of illness of workers in the Mobile Emergency Care Service, pointing out the need for immediate intervention in some aspects, as well as investigations and reflections from other perspectives, in new studies that address the work and health of workers in this work context and its specificities.