Elaboração de laudo de avaliação de um terreno pelo método comparativo por inferência estatística: um estudo de caso

Abstract

Among the attributions of civil engineers is the valuation of real estate, which is little explored, both in the field and in the job market. In view of this, the proposal of the work is to analyze, through a theoretical-practical analysis, the necessary steps for the elaboration of a technical report for the evaluation of an urban land, following the guidelines of NBR 14653, parts 1 and 2. Thus, a real case was analyzed through the Direct Comparative Method of Market Data, through statistical inference applied in the Multiple Linear Regression with the aid of an electronic spreadsheet. To this end, the property was inspected and its documentation analyzed, and data on similar properties was collected from the websites of the real estate agencies that comprised the reference sample for the regression model. This sample was sanitized and treated to be applied to the regression that, after confirmations of the necessary assumptions and validity checks, obtained the final result: the model equation. The confidence intervals and the field of discretion were also calculated, finalizing the study with the definition of the report's Grades of Justification and Accuracy. Finally, the appropriate valuation report was presented. A great inconsistency was observed between the property documents and the actual data observed in loco. With the differences between the final and initial samples, it was necessary to collect even more similar and/or larger amounts of data. We arrived at the Grade of Grounds I and Precision III framework, and a calculation model with 80.5% explanation that based the land evaluation.