Afecções cirúrgicas da coluna vertebral e contribuições na hemostasia transoperatória em cães

Abstract

Conditions that affect the spinal cord (SC) in dogs can have an acute or chronic manifestation, causing clinical signs ranging from pain to paresis or plegia with absence of nociception. Among the disorders of the spine that could lesion the SC, extradural synovial cysts (ESC) can be mentioned, a compressive disease of joint origin, uncommon in the neurological routine of dogs. On the other hand, thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is the most prevalent neurological condition in this species, and hemilamineectomy associated with intervertebral disc fenestration (HF) is one of the most used surgical techniques for its treatment. Article 1 of this thesis presents a case report of a Saint Bernard, manifesting non-ambulatory tetraparesis and cervical pain. The patient underwent myelography and, after confirmation of the compression site, decompression surgery through dorsal laminectomy. The definitive diagnosis was ESC between C4-C5, right side. The report demonstrated the importance of including ESC in the differential diagnosis, as well as the limited effectiveness of myelography for identification and favorable prognosis when performing surgical decompression. Articles 2 and 3 were developed with the aim of contributing to surgical hemostasis, with article 2 referring to the determination of the median blood loss of HF techniques in dogs with IVDE (4.61% of the total blood volume), as well as the prevalence of trans and postoperative complications due to these losses. Article 3 demonstrated the effectiveness of tranexamic acid to reduce transoperative blood loss (%) and difficulty in operative visualization (%) when compared to the control group (2.75±1.23 and 4.99±4.44; 0 and 62.5%), being characterized as a simple and useful method of hemostasis in the surgical routine of these patients. The measurement of blood loss by gravitational methodology was demonstrated and considered feasible in the transoperative period of FH in dogs.