Implantação de parcerias público-privadas no Brasil: fatores críticos e proposta de melhorias

Abstract

The present study aimed to propose improvements that prove to be viable for the implementation and execution of public-private partnerships in Rio Grande do Sul. These arrangements are a coalition between the public and private sectors that reconcile private competencies and investments with the purposes of public administration and represent an alternative to increase the efficiency of the public sector, improving the available services, without increasing government losses. However, they are complex alliances that must add benefits that justify the participation of private initiative in meeting the demands of society, and for these reasons they became units of analysis for this research. The sample was based on the ten (10) largest partnerships in Brazil, seven (7) of which participated in the research, including one (1) from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. To carry out the study, a qualitative research was chosen, operationalized through the application of semi-structured interviews, in which the agents were asked to speak about sixteen (16) critical success factors of the partnerships: I - Political nuances (interest, commitment and political risk) and good governance; II - Institutional apparatus; III - Compliance with the recommendations of the control bodies; IV - Appropriate regulatory framework; V - Notice and contract well prepared; VI - Competitive bidding process; VII - Quality of projects and prior analysis of their costs and benefits; VIII - Existence of an enterprising culture with PPP; IX - Commitment among partners; X - Offering of guarantees to the public consideration; XI - Offering of guarantees to the public consideration; XII - Adequate risk allocation; XIII - Favorable economic environment; XIV - Budgetary restrictions; XV - Environmental restrictions; and, XVI - Adequate communication with stakeholders. Complementing the semi-structured interview, available public documents were consulted and analyzed. The main results indicate that, in the perception of the participants, the experience of the stakeholders of Rio Grande do Sul in the management of the publicprivate partnership process of CORSAN was proficient, and only one of the critical success factors was negatively evaluated. The symmetry between the results of the interviews shows that there is balance between the answers and convergence of ideas in most of the factors, especially the positive ones. However, there are critical success factors that can be reviewed and improved. The most pronounced divergence observed is related to factor VIII (existence of an entrepreneurial culture in public-private partnerships), in which the perception of one stakeholder diverges from the others, which are supported by the literature consigned in the theoretical framework. Finally, fulfilling the objective of the work, suggestions were presented to improve the implementation and execution of public-private partnerships and, also, it was realized that it is necessary to expand the studies on these arrangements, because they are recent in the state, which requires further research and analysis, especially with regard to the opinion of citizens about possible losses caused to the population and the environment and the socioeconomic impacts arising from the implementation of these partnerships, considering the peculiarities of Rio Grande do Sul.