Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos de trigo para o município de Frederico Westphalen

Abstract

Wheat plays an important role in the world agricultural scenario, being one of the most cultivated cereals. The proper cultivation of this crop in an agroclimatic region depends on its adaptability and the stability of grain yield. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural years of 2019, 2020 and 2021, in the experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen. Twelve treatments were evaluated, being 10 wheat lines and 2 control cultivars. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replications. Each experimental unit consisted of 6 lines of 4 meters in length and spaced at 0.17 m. From the harvest of 3 meters of the 4 central lines, the grain yield was obtained. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the genotype and environment interaction was verified and the GGE Biplot analysis was performed to identify the best, ideal, most adapted, and stable genotypes, and the performance of the genotypes in each environment. The grain yield of wheat genotypes was highly influenced by climatic conditions throughout the three years of cultivation. The UFSMFW1 07 and USFMFW1 04 genotypes were more productive in specific environments and the best performance in terms of stability and grain yield was of the UFSMFW1 08 genotype. The years 2019 and 2020 were similar and the years 2019 and 2021 allowed a better discrimination of genotypes, while 2020 was the most representative.