Uma análise da relação entre investimento em educação por aluno, PIB per capita e o desempenho no IDEB

Abstract

Improving the quality of education is an indispensable strategy for economic development. Understanding which quality public policies is essential so that we can increase their implementation as best practices to promote this objective. Inserted in this context, this research seeks to verify the influence of investment per student in elementary education, as well as the GDP per capita on the results of the Basic Education Development Index (Ideb) of each state. For this, data research were obtained through database: National Institute of Educational Studies and Research (Inep), Public Education Budget Information System (Siope) and National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP). The main results demonstrate a positive correlation between the variables. The regression model resulting from the analyzes showed the influence of the increase in public spending per student on student performance. The model can explain a 34% variation in Ideb, with a 1% change in investments per student increasing the Ideb score by 0.22%. In other words, greater investment in education promotes greater student performance. The GDP per capita proved to be a moderating variable in the investment per student and Ideb ratio. The moderation model demonstrates that an equal magnitude increase in investment in education in places that have low investment and a lower GDP produces greater results than in places that already have a high investment in education and a high GDP per capita. Thus, the results demonstrate that investing in education improves student performance. In addition, investing where there is low investment and a smaller income distribution generates greater results. Finally, it is expected that the analyzes carried out can contribute to the progress of scientific knowledge, as well as to the implementation of public policies for investment in Education.