Estilos parentais e clima familiar em contexto pandêmico: um estudo com adolescentes brasileiras/os

Abstract

The human development is influenced by familiar, social, situational, cultural, economic context among others. It is possible to say that the family is an important microsystem of the teenager development in which mothers, fathers and or caregivers practice their parenting in order to educate their children through of educational practices and the parental styles. In the same way that the parental practices and styles influence the development, the family atmosphere it is also a factor to be considered when it is about a protective or the risk teenager development. In view of the COVID 19 pandemic the relationship between mothers, fathers, children and social changed promoting direct impacts in the familiar relations. Facing that, this study has the main objective to analyze the parental styles and the family atmosphere from the Brazilian teenagers during the COVID 19 pandemic. Two studies were performed. In the study 1, the adopted method was quantitative, survey and transversal. In the study 2, it was used a quantitative, transversal and correlational method. Such studies resulted from a survey of 504 Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (M=15,00, DP=1,97). The teenagers answered a sociodemographic questionnaire on line, a Responsiveness Scale and a parental demanding and a family atmosphere inventory – ICF. The data derivative from the empiric studies were submitted to descriptive statistics, frequency analyses and QUI-square tests. U the MannWhitney, Kruskal-wallis, the Spearmann correlation and the multiple linear regression. The main results of studies 1 and 2 indicated a high percentage of mothers and fathers as a parenting style perceived by adolescents as authoritative/competent, followed by the negligent style. There were significant differences among the groups comparison that it was perceived a social demographic facts influence. Among them it is possible to point out the genre, kind of school, age group, family setup, residence condition and mother`s and father`s occupation. Furthermore, it was verified association between the positive and negative family atmosphere with maternal and paternal styles, as well as there were positive and negative correlations between the variables from the subscales of ICF with maternal and paternal and combined demanding and responsibility. In addiction the maternal responsibility was identified as predictor of the positive family atmosphere. It is acceptable to conclude that interventions are necessaries which aim to the authoritative/competent parental style and the positive family atmosphere that has influences in terms of protective teenager development.