Estresse ocupacional e resiliência em trabalhadores de saúde da atenção básica de saúde

Abstract

General objective: To analyze the relationship between occupational stress and resilience of health workers in Primary Health Care. Specific objectives: to describe biosocial and work characteristics of health workers in Primary Health Care; to identify the levels of occupational stress and resilience in primary health care workers; to verify the association between resilience and sociodemographic, work and health variables of health workers in Primary Health Care; to verify the association between psychological demand and control and the sociodemographic, work and health variables of health workers in Primary Health Care. Method: Epidemiological, crosssectional study carried out with health workers from the 4th Regional Health Coordinator of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which covers 32 municipalities. The municipality of Ijuí was also included. A population of 2460 workers was counted, estimating a minimum sample of 333 participants. Data collection took place online, via the google forms platform, using the following instruments: a specific instrument for biosocial data and characteristics of the work of health workers, the Job Stress Scale Model Demand-Control and the Resilience Scale. The information was computed and analyzed using PASW Statistic®. Reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's Alpha. To identify the association between: occupational stress, biosocial and work qualitative variables and the health workers' resilience scale, the chi-square test was used. The present study followed all the ethical precepts of Resolution nº 466/12. Results: 154 health workers took part in the study. With regard to occupational stress, a higher percentage of health workers have low psychological demands (n=96, 63.6%) and low control over work (n=81; 53.6%). According to the combination of dimensions psychological demand and control over work, there was a higher prevalence of workers linked to passive work (n= 51; 33.8%). With the low requirement, 45 workers (29.8%) were classified, which is considered ideal. Still, female workers, with a partner and children, have low psychological demand and low control. With regard to resilience, the highest proportion of workers reported a medium level of resilience (n = 63), followed by low level of resilience (n= 48) and high level of resilience (n=40). The highest proportion of workers reported a medium level of resilience (n=63), followed by low level of resilience (n=48) and high level of resilience (n=40). Final considerations: Occupational stress assumes a threatening position in the face of the work conditions offered to health workers in PHC, in addition to strengthening susceptibility to occupational diseases. Therefore, workers need to know the signs and symptoms that encompass these diseases, in order to somehow take precautions, identifying the factors of illness that occur in the work context. Furthermore, we must bear in mind that, regardless of the acceptable levels of resilience, in today's work scenario, the promotion of resilience must be present at all times and for all jobs, with the aim of adapting them in a healthy and positive way at work.