Mudanças Climáticas e Impactos Ambientais

Abstract

The present research is a bibliographic review about the problems and impacts related to climate change. The main source was the Sixth Assessment Cycle of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. This research aims to bring information to society and public managers in contributing to the management of policies that meet the needs of the environment. In recent years, there has been substantial progress in climate policy, such as the Paris Agreement and the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN 2030 Agenda, so that many countries have managed to take action and control GHG emissions (IPCC, 2022). Among the stipulated targets, there is a global warming limit of 1.5ºC by 2100 and keeping this warming below 2ºC, which is technically and economically feasible, however, it requires intense mitigation strategies in the short term. As well, in this decade global emissions are predicted to peak before 2025 and be reduced by 45% by 2030. The emerging demand for alternative energy sources is expected to generate opportunities for the renewable energy sector (PBMC, 2016). The fact of replacing fossil fuels with the use of renewable energies is a viable and advantageous solution, since in addition to being practically inexhaustible, they have a very low environmental impact and do not produce the atmospheric composition or the temperature of the planet (FREITAS; DATHEIN, 2013). Therefore, the research confirmed the hypothesis that man is the main cause of the worsening of the greenhouse effect and environmental effects also driven by it and, consequently, the increase in global temperature over the years. Mitigation measures are critically needed to reduce the risk of changes in climate extremes and rising Mean Sea Levels and their impacts on the general population, through vulnerability reduction and adaptation measures. It is urgent to formulate induction and promotion policies, aiming at the development of new practices and technologies that guarantee sustainability and, consequently, the mitigation of climate change.