A externalização das fronteiras como resultado da securitização do imigrante: o caso italiano

Abstract

At the end of the Cold War, the development of regional integration processes and the increase in capital, goods and people flows, symbolized by the fall of the Berlin Wall, suggested a future in which the easing of migratory control and the institution of the border would produce a more free and independent human mobility. What happened, however, was the intensification of a process of interpreting the immigrant as a security problem that, combined with the effects of globalization, enabled the establishment of offensive migration policies, which expand migration control at an international level. The objective of this work, therefore, is to analyze the formation and implementation of expansionist migration policies in the italian case, relating them to the process ofsecuritization of immigrants in the country. Thus, the work is inserted in the debate by proposing to link the processes of immigrant securitization and the externalization of migration control within the same debate. For this, the work aims to consider the motivations and regional processes that justified the securitization of immigrants in Italy, mainly based on the duality between securitization at the national level and securitization at the regional level, linking the former to a character related to exceptional measures, while the latter has an essentially institutional characteristic. The fundamental contribution of the work is the presentation of a study that links the new migration policies of externalization with the theoretical perspective of securitization, proposing the Italian case as a demonstration of how the effects of the process of immigrant securitization can result in the expansion of the mechanisms of control and border expansion beyond its own territory.