Estudo sobre deslocamento ativo para a escola e atividade física no lazer em adolescentes da região centro-oeste: pesquisa nacional de saúde do escolar, 2019

Abstract

The practice of physical activity (PA) in its different domains is considered one of the main health promotion strategies and is related to several health benefits for the population. Despite this, studies show a low prevalence of active adolescents, and several factors may contribute to these estimates. In some places, studies are still needed to understand the association between individual-level characteristics and PA domains. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with active commuting to school and leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian adolescents residing in the Midwest region. We examined adolescents aged 13 to 17 from the Midwest region who participated in the National Survey of School Health, 2019 edition. We collected all data through a self-completed questionnaire. We considered active during leisure time the students who spent at least 60 minutes a day on five or more days a week, and active commuting to school, those who reported going and/or returning on foot or by bicycle for at least five days a week, regardless of commute duration. Independent variables included demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and sociocultural characteristics. We performed descriptive analysis, the Chi-square test, univariate and multiple logistic regression, and the goodness of fit tests of the models. In the adjusted model we observed that to be males (OR=3.91; 95%CI: 3.18-4.81), to have a high score of goods and services (OR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.10 -1.70) and medium (OR=1.21; 95%CI: 1.02-1.43), sitting less time per day (≤3 hours/day) (OR=1.17; 95CI %: 1.02-1.33), to consume fruits/fruit salads (OR=1.65; 95%CI: 1.41-1.93) and vegetables/vegetables frequently (≥5 times/week) (OR=1.52; 95%CI: 1.31-1.77), have family supervision most of the time/always (OR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.14-1.63) and did not miss classes without parents permission (OR=1.26; 95%CI: 1.03-1.5), increased the chances of practicing leisure-time physical activity. Considering commuting to school, there was a greater chance among boys (OR=1.40; 95%CI: 1.26-1.56), those who did not live with either parent (OR=1.36; 95%CI: 1.14-1.61) or who lived only with the father (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.06-1.58) or only with the mother (OR=1.28; 95%CI: 1. 16-1.43), whose mothers had high school (OR=1.33; 95%CI: 1.17-1.52) and elementary (OR=1.22; 95%CI: 1.04-1.44) education, who had low (OR=1.34; 95%CI: 1.12-1.60) and medium (OR=1.24; 95%CI: 1.04-1.48) goods and services scores and attended schools public (OR=2.99; 95%CI: 2.50-3.59). These results reinforce gender, economic and social inequalities involving the two outcomes, which must be discussed and faced by responsible managers.