Reação leucemoide paraneoplásica em um felino com carcinoma de células escamosas em cavidade oral

Abstract

The cat's oral cavity neoplasms account for 10% of all neoplasms in this species, with Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) being the most common. The leukemoid reaction consists of marked leukocytosis by neutrophilia, which may result from inflammation, tumor/tissue necrosis, as well as a paraneoplastic syndrome. This work aims to describe a case of leukemoid reaction in a feline with SCC in the oral cavity interpreteded as paraneoplastic. The animal was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Federal University of Santa Maria with a history of mass in the oral cavity and enlargement of the right submandibular lymph node. The main clinicopathological alterations were characterized by extreme leukocytosis with neutrophilia and regenerative left shift, anemia and hypoalbuminemia. It was possible to observe bone lysis in the ventral margin of the right orbit with x-ray. The FNAC of the oral mass was suggestive of carcinoma, confirmed by histopathology and classified by immunohistochemistry as SCC. The lymph node was diagnosed as metastatic on cytology and histopathology. Myelogram confirmed the presence of reactional myeloid hyperplasia. Three days after surgical removal of the tumor, there was a marked reduction in extreme neutrophilia. The patient died after performing the first chemotherapy session. It is concluded that paraneoplastic leukocytosis should be considered in cats with leukemoid reaction suspected or diagnosed with carcinoma.