Produção de fertilizantes fosfatados com liberação controlada a partir do encapsulamento com enxofre

Abstract

The present work aims primarily to design a chemical industry for the production of granulated and sulfur-encapsulated phosphate fertilizers (DAP) with the objective of increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use. In granulated fertilizers, nitrogen is leached, leading to a loss in productivity. To enter the competitive fertilizer market, the venture chose to operate in both the granulated and encapsulated fertilizer markets, targeting different audiences. The former is intended for producers of crops with short cycles, such as sorghum, wheat, barley, oats, and forage crops, while the latter is aimed at perennial, slow-cycle crops like mate tea. The project was estimated to meet 20% of the total fertilizer demand. For controlled-release fertilizer, an analysis was conducted to understand the target audience's demand, resulting in an estimated production of 1.5% of the total demand for these crops. This translates to an annual production of 104,941 tons of fertilizers, with 39.7% allocated to granulated DAP, and 60.3% to encapsulated phosphate fertilizer. The project began with defining the business model, followed by the analysis and selection of technological routes, sizing of the production unit, control system for the main process equipments and an economic feasibility study, considering all costs and expected returns. At the project's conclusion, it is observed that establishing a production unit for granulated DAP and sulfur-encapsulated fertilizer is viable, requiring an investment of R$ 273,248,769.63, with a payback period of 2 years and a Net Present Value (NPV) of R$ 392,897,881.81 over ten years. Ultimately, the project successfully demonstrated a theoretical study of implementing a manufacturing unit in the fertilizer industry, incorporating an in-depth analysis of current technological routes, equipment sizing, and cost estimation.