Ilhas de calor e frescor em Balneário Camboriú/SC na perspectiva das zonas climáticas locais

Abstract

The study area is the city of Balneário Camboriú, belonging to the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina (SC), located at 26º59'42" south latitude and 48°37'46" west longitude. The purpose of choosing the city is to understand the urban climate of an environment with a high rate of verticalization in Brazil. In this sense, for the full development of research from the point of view of its methodological guide. Twentytwo fixed sampling points were selected for this research. These points were selected to be able to analyze the climate behavior of the urban area throughout the day, comparing it with other points, and to verify possible changes in the local climate in the most diverse types of LCZ. To acquire air temperature data in the urban area, 19 dataloggers and 3 automatic stations from METOS Brazil are being used, which are also collecting wind speed. At the same points, the Sky Viewing Factor (SVF) methodology was used, which involves photographing with eye lenses at shoulder height. To prepare the LCZ of Balneário Camboriú, data preparation will be used to use the WUDAPT method. To determine the intensity of urban heat islands (UTI), we subtracted the temperature values of the urban point by the temperature values of the reference point in the rural environment, that is, ∆T = Urban – Rural. To structure the hourly air temperature data, the average temperature was calculated for each time over the months, considering all values occurring at the same time. The predominance of LCZs in Balneário Camboriú were LCZs 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, A, D, F and G. The analysis of the SVF values revealed a wide range of sky visibility conditions, presenting a variation in openness of SVF from 0.126 to 0.750 in some points, the geomorphology of the buildings contributed to periods of shading during the day. In places with higher SVF values, it is observed that in summer there was an impressive average of 12 hours of sunlight per day. The wind analysis carried out in Balneário Camboriú showed a predominance of calm winds with a northeast direction. Climatic conditions at all data collection points revealed the presence of both heat islands and cool islands in the study area. The magnitudes found in the study area ranged from 10.7°C (November) at point 18 to -10.0°C (January) at point EMA 01. Point 18 was the point that presented the highest magnitudes on the island of heat, the greatest occurrence of cool islands occurred at point EMA 02. The predominance of occurrence of cool islands of medium magnitude (-2.0°C to -4.9°C) occurred at points 04 and EMA 02, Points 05, 07, 13, 16 and 18 were predominantly heat islands of medium magnitude (2.1°C to 4.9°C). The greatest occurrence and duration was the occurrence of a heat island of weak magnitude (0.1°C to 2.0°C), resulting in an average duration of 16 hours. It was possible to observe how several factors contribute to the formation of these islands and how their characteristics vary in different urban contexts. This observation highlights the complexity of climatic conditions in urban environments and their importance for city planning and management. Although heat islands are common, they generally do not reach extreme intensities in the study area.