Caracterização agronômica de cultivares transgênicas de soja cultivadas no Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Aiming to characterize the main transgenic soybeans cultivars used in Rio Grande do Sul, experiments were conducted during the 2007/2008 season, in Santa Maria/RS. In the field, the cultivars Relmo Anta RR 82, A 6001 RG, A 8000 RG, FUNDACEP 53 RR, FUNDACEP 54 RR, FUNDACEP 56 RR, BRS 244 RR, and CD 214 RR CD 219 RR, drilled at seeds rates of 250, 400 and 550 thousand seed ha-1 and at row spacing of 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60m. The variables were: grain yield, yield components, distribution of income in different strata of the plant, morphological characteristics, rate of soil covering and amount of light incident on the canopy. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with 4 repetitions in trifatorial outline (9 cultivars x 3 seed rates x 3 row spacing). In laboratory, tests of peroxidase reaction had been carried through only using the tegument of the seeds or the entire seeds and also seedling color for 50 soybean cultivars. For the grain yield cultivars CD 214 RR and FUNDACEP 53 RR had the best results (3589 and 3530 kg ha-1, respectively). For the distribution of income in the plant strata, there is interaction between density of planting and row spacing, which indicate the trends for each cultivar. For the amount of light incident on the canopy, the interactions between the factors of planting density, row spacing, timing of the cycle of development and level of the canopy, combined with the architecture of each cultivar define the amount of light intercepted, after flowering. The morphological response of each cultivar is different for every situation tested, indicating the need for understanding the behavior of each material, to select the practices to maximize the yield. The use of the test of reaction of peroxidase used the entire seed can be used of so efficient form how much the traditionally used method (tegument). The identification of the seedling color may be an early way to identify varietal blend.