Estudo das funcionalidades de condução e deposição de sementes de soja em semeadoras de precisão

Abstract

Grain production plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy, being responsible for providing food, generating jobs, boosting technological innovation and contributing to the country's trade balance. Given this scenario, we find the technologies present in machines and implements for working with the land. In the context of precise seeders, the development of innovations is on the rise, as planting precision is derived from the efficiency of land use, since the entire production process is dependent on the results obtained during sowing. In this context, the general objective of this work is to study sowing functionalities that deliver attributes related to the dosage/singulation and delivery of soybean seed over the sowing furrow in a uniform manner. To achieve this objective, this study involves: (1) carrying out bibliographic and documentary research to establish the state of the art in precision seeders; (2) the qualitative and quantitative study of seed conduction and delivery functionalities in precision seeders; (3) the implementation of an analytical model to predict the falling behavior of individual soybean seeds in a precision seeder. As results, the modeling of seed conduction and delivery functionalities was implemented, in two modalities: (1) qualitative modality, in which a block diagram model is proposed for the functional analysis of seed delivery in precision seeders; (2) quantitative modality, in which an analytical model capable of predicting the behavior of the singulated soybean seed in fall until its deposition in the furrow is proposed. In conclusion, it was possible to determine the functional structure of the following main functions: “F2 dose seeds” and “F4 deliver seeds”. Next, the behavior of the soybean seed trajectory was demonstrated with two degrees of freedom, considering the soybean as a particle in free fall that undergoes collisions and changes in coordinates with each contact with the equipment. Furthermore, the variation in the behavior of the seed was determined for different speeds of movement of the seeder and put an end to the variation in the total energy of the seed in movement, in addition, the speed at which the seed is delivered to the soil. Finally, future research opportunities were identified, whether through computer simulations or practical tests in the sowing field.