Avaliação da eficiência de sistemas de aproveitamento pluvial em cidades representativas das diferentes regiões do Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

The increase in water demand, as a result of urban expansion and population growth, has led to the need for investment in drinking water production systems and more sustainable management practices for the use of soil and water resources. In this scenario, the use of alternative water sources, such as the use of rainwater (NBR 15.527/2019), seeks to minimize this growing demand in the face of water scarcity and, at the same time, can help in solving urban drainage problems. However, the satisfactory efficiency of these utilization systems depends on the correct sizing of the storage reservoir, and it is recommended to find the appropriate relationship between catchment area, reservoir volume and demand to be met. This study aims to apply the simulation method to analyze rainwater harvesting systems in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, considering simulations with different catchment areas, storage volume and demands, resulting in system efficiencies. After completing the simulations, carry out an in-depth performance analysis of the results for each city, and also check the general average results defined by different water demands, in order to determine average standards for the state. Finally, consolidate the data found on an analysis platform (Power BI), in order to facilitate the population's access to information and promote a more comprehensive understanding of rainwater harvesting systems. All simulations were carried out using data from seven rainfall stations in the state, representing different cities and different regions. Also, simulations were carried out for ranges of variations and not for a single value of contribution area, demands and volumes, so that the results obtained can be used for a wide range of values. The results of the simulations, in general, demonstrate that efficiency in meeting demand represents an interconnected response to the different variables that make up the utilization system (storage volume, catchment area, demand and rainfall data), so that the volume optimal storage will be a consequence of this joint influence. Thus, the methodology presented in this study provides an integrated understanding of the influence of the different elements in the utilization system, simulating its behavior as a whole. Furthermore, it makes it possible to analyze the dimensions to be implemented in terms of catchment area and storage volume, considering a known demand, with the aim of achieving a predetermined efficiency in meeting demand.