A tensão entre os direitos humanos e a securitização na agenda migratória

Abstract

The governance of international migrations is structurally treated as a matter of securitization and is inserted in the strategy of development and national interest. Based on this, this research is dedicated to investigating the following question: is the nature of the Global Compact for Migration embodied as a legal regime of Human Rights, or of maintenance of the security status quo of the International System? Thus, this incongruity motivates the elaboration of this work, which seeks to demonstrate, above all, that the global order is forged on the securitization of international migrations, which is expressed from the restriction of borders to the formation of national identity. In order to achieve these objectives and to substantiate this study, discourse analysis was used as a procedural technique concomitantly with the structuralist approach methodology, with which it was possible to dissect the facets that permeate the migration theme based on the Foucaultian vision of governmentality; drawing on both theoretical and practical support, such as literary exploration on the subject and the compilation of data carried out by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Organization for Migration, published in their official reports. Furthermore, based on the analysis of the indexes, six States were selected - Germany, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, France and Lebanon - that have political prominence on the international scene, as well as represent important actors in the reception of migratory flows in their territories. Through this survey, it is possible to carry out a discursive analysis of these countries during the deliberations of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, aiming to identify whether, throughout the demonstrations, tendencies towards Human Rights or security prevailed. Thus, in the first analysis, the predominance of the humanitarian bias during the presentations about the Compact was evident; however, this finding proved to be paradoxical when exploring the practical reality of international migration. In view of these considerations, not only contributions were developed, but also limitations of this work, in addition to highlighting the possibility of future research that represents the extension of this study.