Mulching vertical e manejo da água em sistema plantio direto

Abstract

With the main objective to evaluate the hydrological behavior of the vertical mulching in no tillage system, this work have been realized in 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 agricultural years on Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico in the plateaus of Rio Grande do Sul State. For this, two experiments have been installed. The experiment one consisted of parcels without vertical mulching, with vertical mulching each 10 m and with mulching each 5 m, in the experimental delineation blocks by chance with three repetitions. Experiment 2 has been consisted of three parcels: the first without vertical mulching; the second with vertical mulching each 20 m and the third with vertical mulching each 10 m. All the furrows of vertical mulching had dimensions of 0,08 x 0,38 m and the length in accordance to the width of the parcel, filled with lightly compacted straw to provide stability to the walls of the furrow. In experiment 1 rain simulations have been made with two intensities (70 e 106 mm h-1) at two distinct periods, to determine the superficial runoff, the tax of basic infiltration and the concentration of lost nutrients by the torrent. The presence of vertical mulching reduces the total losses of nutrients due to the reduction of the superficial runoff. In experiment 2 the hydrous balance has been carried through. Infiltrations in furrows of different have been also determined. Vertical mulching postpones the beginning time of the superficial runoff in no tillage system and reduces the volume of superficial runoff significantly, increasing the tax of basic infiltration. In the periods that the hydrous balance has been carried through, difference was not verified among the treatments in relation to the real evapotranspiration. How deeper the furrow depth is, higher the basic infiltration tax, since the horizontal basic infiltration tax has greater importance in deepers furrows.