Desempenho de uma semeadora-adubadora e métodos de aplicação de inseticidas no sulco em plantio direto

Abstract

No-tillage was only possible with the development of machines to work on specific seeding soils with straw on the surface, equipped with a plow blade and to facilitate the deposition of seed in the soil depths in uniform and with reduced tillage in furrow, in conditions conducive to germination / seedling emergence and root growth good for the crop. However, with the expansion of no-tillage and increasing crop areas, some of subterranean insects that spend at least one phase of its life cycle within the soil as larvae and Sternechus subsignatus and Diloboderus abderus passed the condition of plague, mainly due to the untilled soil. Another important aspect is the low efficiency of insecticides applied as seed treatment, caused these soil pests to increase in number each year in agriculture. On this basis, the general objective of this study was: (1) evaluate the performance (tensile strength, fuel consumption and slippage of the drive wheels of the tractor) to pull a planter adapted for application of liquid insecticides and lump in the groove sowing and, (2) compare three alternatives for the application of insecticides (seed treatment (ST), application of granular insecticides at sowing (GR) and application of liquid insecticides at sowing (LS) for the control of the main soil insect pests of soybean, wheat and rice led to tillage. Carbofuran had a phytotoxic effect of the seed and soybean seedlings, regardless of the position of application of carbofuran in the furrow, however, the closer the seed greater its phytotoxic effect. The demand of the traction force increases with increasing velocity of the tractor-planter. There was an increase of 12.31% in demand for heavy load, when the forward speed increased from 5.0 to 7.0 km.h-1. The average traction force applied by the seed line was 1.35 kN. Fuel consumption has not increased with increasing velocity of the tractor-planter. When we increased the forward speed of 5.0 to 7.0 km.h-1 produced a reduction in fuel consumption per hectare in the order of 29.3%. The slip of the drive wheels of the tractor was larger, the deeper the performance of furrow fertilizer. Among the three alternatives for the application of insecticides (TS, LS and GR), had no control efficiencies greater than 80% over Diloboderus abderus in wheat. In rice control and the three alternatives Oryzophagus oryzae control (TS, LS and GR) were effective.