Subsídios para o planejamento da produção de Pinus elliottii Engelm. na serra do sudeste, Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

In Rio Grande do Sul, the Serra do Sudeste has been the target of large forest investments due to government programs for sectorial regional development in the three levels of the administration. One of the species with the largest planted area in the region is the Pinus elliottii Engelm. Two large neighboring counties with typical physiography areas of Serra do Sudeste have aroused special attention to its forestry development: Cachoeira do Sul and Encruzilhada do Sul. The forestry production is already a reality for both and is very promising. The strategic location, favourable climate and soils, boosted the forestry development in the region where small to large companies have plantations. This study aimed to examine the overall production of Pinus elliottii wood in the municipalities of Cachoeira do Sul and Encruzilhada do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul, and the specific objectives: a) raise data on all environmental and socioeconomic aspects involved in activity, in order to provide subsidies for the forestry development planning in the region with a view to sustainable forest management, b) determine production costs and possible revenue, c) achieve the economic and financial analysis of wood's production of Pinus elliottii at regional conditions d) characterize the growth and production of Pinus elliottii by log's size. In 2005 and 2006, respectively, 481 and 542 sample plots were measured in populations of Pinus elliottii in Serra do Sudeste, RS, and 6 trees were felled in different sites and submitted to the analysis of trunk. The Index of Site (IS) was defined as the dominant height at the age of 22 years, and the sample plots showed a variation of IS between 18 and 38 meters. It was observed tilt upward curve of the IS from the older to the younger forests, which still remains, making foresee that it is still possible to improve the productivity of populations. The costs of the deployment of populations were estimated at R$ 2.292,09/ha and the maintenance ranged between R$ 134.84/ha and R$ 363.98/ha yearly, and are in the range of costs of other studies in the literature. The total production per hectare in the current system of management, with rotation of 26 years and 4 thinnings, were between 528 m³/ha at IS 22 and 1,140 m³/ha at IS 34, but it is believed that averages more likely to get in the current conditions in the Serra do Sudeste are among the productivity of IS 26 and 28, who are between 25.8 and 29.8 m³.ha-1.year-1. From the IS 28, with Net Present Value (NPV) of R$ 1.147,17/ha, the production of wood of Pinus becomes interesting, and on the IS 26 with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 6,86% already could pay the interest of PROPFLORA of 6.75%. The IS 28 served as a comparing base with a Annual Equivalent Value (AEV) of R$ 94.78/ha, the first that shows some attractiveness, similar to the minimum value of the lease of land for livestock in the region, closed to the value of 40 kg of livestock per hectare. The analysis of different management regimes for the IS 28 showed that increased NPV is obtained with rotation of 26 years and 4 thinnings in cycle of 4 years, starting up the cuts to 10 years. It was drawn up a scenario of forestry development providing for the expansion of the sawmills park and installation of a bulky fiberboard industry, that would be complementary in the consumption of produced wood's logs sizes. It were identified 92 thousand hectares as likely to be cultivated with Pinus in the study area, which could inject about R$ 92.8 million of forestry Gross Added Value (GAV), and the industrialization of wood could add other R$ 370 million annually, generating more than 15 thousand jobs. The Pinus elliottii has shown good results in the region, has good increase, without reason for concern about the invasion of natural areas, and is positive in the recovery of land, usually exhausted by improving and regulating the water system, bringing more income and jobs than the current use with livestock, diversifying the rural productive matrix, reducing the risk of rural producer, and generating the prospect of installing a large forest-based industrial park, which will boost development not only in the economic aspect, but mainly in the social scope, generating more opportunities for cultural development, influencing the change in the indicators for health and education and improving the welfare of the population. The economic analysis was performed with considerable caution, using moderate levels of productivity, costs within patterns that can be considered between middle and high prices and restraint at today's market of wood. Even with the restrictions imposed on the analysis, the results are promising for the forestry, especially if it is considerated that there is a strong trend of increase of prices charged by regional market and that there is high possibility of installing wood veneer industries to absorb the production of larger log's size. Within the criteria adopted for the analysis, it was shown that official interest rates and payment periods practised in Brazil are incompatible with the long rotation forestry, which aim to obtain wood of large and greater added value, being necessary to create appropriate and specific government policies to this type of venture.